| A |
| abscissa | |
| action | Force or imposed deflection acting on a structure |
| adimensional | |
| aggregate | |
| allowable deflection | |
| angle of friction | Maximum possible angle between the contact action effect between two bodies and the perpendicular to the contact surface. |
| anisotropic | Said of a structure or a material whose mechanical properties vary depending on the directions considered. |
| applet | Computer program loaded from a web server and executed on the local computer within a web browser. The i-structure course mainly uses the i-Cremona applet |
| applied statics | |
| arch | Incurved structural element carrying loads mainly by an axial compressive inner force |
| arch stone | |
| architect | Person able to conceive a building, to draw its plans and to direct its construction |
| architrave | Part of the entablature resting on the capitals of columns above the frieze |
| arris | Angle formed by two planes of a member of a structure or of a construction plan.
" |
| articulation | see hinge |
| atmosphere | Ancient pressure unit approximately corresponding to 105 [N/m2] |
| autography | |
| auxiliary arch | Auxiliary graphical construction allowing the determination of the location of the resultant of several forces. |
| auxiliary cable | |
| axial force | |
| B |
| bar | Structural element, usually slender, used for example in trusses. |
| bar in combined bending and compression | |
| barycenter | |
| beam | Prismatic structural element mainly resisting by flexure. |
| bend | |
| bending | |
| bending moment | |
| box section | |
| bracing | |
| buckling | |
| buckling length | |
| builder | |
| building | |
| buttress | |
| C |
| cable | Incurved structural element carrying loads mainly by an axial tensile inner force. Structural element constituted of several wires that resist only to tension. |
| cable net | |
| cable-stayed | |
| CAMIPRO | |
| cantilever | |
| cantilever | |
| catenary | |
| center of gravity | |
| center of gravity | |
| centering | Temporary framework to support the stones during the construction of an arch or a vault. By analogy, temporary structure with the same function in the phase of casting the concrete for a bridge. |
| characteristic strength | |
| chord | |
| clamped-clamped beam | |
| clamping | |
| clear span | |
| collapse | |
| column | |
| composite material | |
| compression | |
| compressive stress | |
| concentrated load | |
| conoid | |
| console | |
| construction | |
| converging | |
| core | |
| corrugate | |
| corrugated | |
| creep | |
| Cremona diagram | |
| crest | |
| crest line | |
| critical deflected shape | |
| critical load | |
| cross beam | |
| cross girder | |
| curing | |
| curvature | Inverse of the radius of curvature tangent to the deflecte3d shape of a beam. The greater the distance between the arc and the cable, the greater the curvature. |
| D |
| database | |
| deck | |
| deck slab | |
| decking | |
| deep wall | |
| deformation | |
| delamination | |
| design load | |
| design strength | Value of the strength used for the design. Characteristic strength minored by a safety factor. |
| design value of the strength | |
| diagonal | |
| dimensioning | |
| direction | |
| discussion forum | |
| displacement | |
| distributed load | |
| dolomite | |
| dome | |
| ductile | |
| ductility | |
| dynamics | |
| E |
| earthquake | |
| eccentricity | |
| edge cable | |
| elastic | |
| elastic material | |
| elasticity | |
| elevation | |
| engineer | |
| envelope curve | |
| equilibrium | Stable situation in which a system has no tendency to move |
| ex cathedra course | |
| extrados | |
| extrusion | |
| F |
| facade | |
| factored load | |
| fatigue | |
| fixed support | Suport of a structure that restrains its movement without restraining its rotation. |
| flange | In a girder, top or bottom part of the section which is perpendicular to the web |
| flexural moment | See bending moment |
| flexural stiffness | |
| force | |
| force at the support | |
| fragile | |
| fragility | |
| frame | Planar structural element composed of a more or less horizontal element (beam, girder) rigidly connected to two or more vertical elements (columns). |
| framing | |
| friction | |
| friction coefficient | |
| funicular arch | Characteristic shape of an arch that, under a given load configuration, is subjected to compression only. |
| funicular polygon | |
| funicular polygon of the loads | |
| G |
| GASPAR | |
| Gerber beam | |
| glued-laminated | |
| graphical statics | |
| gravitational force | |
| gravity axis | Line connecting the centers of gravity of a single bar; often called the axis of the bar |
| H |
| hanger | |
| hinge | Connecting device between two elements allowing their free relative rotation. |
| hyperbolic paraboloid | |
| I |
| i-Cremona | |
| i-static | |
| impact | |
| inertia force | |
| influence area | Area whose loads are carried by a structural element. |
| instability | |
| intensity | |
| interaxial | |
| internal force | Force acting on the section of a sub-system |
| Internet browser | |
| intrados | |
| isotropic | |
| J |
| Java | Universal programming language developed by Sun Microsystems and acquired in 2010 by Oracle. Runs in a virtual machine on almost all existing platforms. All applets of the i-structures course are written in Java. |
| Java vitual machine | Environment allowing to run Java applets within a web browser. The applets of the i-structures course require a Java Virtual Machine at the level 1.4.0 as a minumum. |
| javascript | Javascript is a programming language commonly used to create interactive web pages. |
| K |
| key | Central part of an arch or a vault. |
| L |
| laminated sheet | |
| lamination | |
| lenticular | |
| lesson | |
| line load | |
| line of action | |
| linear | |
| live load | |
| load factor | |
| load-bearing cable | |
| lower chord | |
| ltimate limit state | |
| M |
| mass | |
| mechanism | |
| membrane | |
| mid-span | |
| mobile support | Support of a structure or of an element of a structure that restraints displacement in one direction and leaves it free in the perpendicular direction |
| modulus of elasticity | |
| moment | |
| moment of inertia | |
| monolithic | |
| MOOC | A MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) is an online course in which the lectures are given in the form of videos, with corresponding handouts. A series of videos is to be watched each week, which will help in solving the exercises. |
| N |
| nave | |
| Newton | |
| node | |
| notch | |
| O |
| online course | |
| ordinate | |
| orientation | |
| OSCAR | |
| overturning | |
| P |
| Pascal | |
| path of structures | Progression sequence of the i-structures course. The path of structures progressively moves through structures from the simpler to the more complex ones. |
| permanent load | |
| PHP | |
| pillar | |
| pillar | |
| pinnacle | |
| placing of the key | |
| plastic deformation | |
| plastification | |
| plate | |
| plug-in | |
| pneumatic structure | |
| point of action | |
| point of contraflexure | |
| polygon of forces | |
| portal frame | |
| post | |
| pressure line | |
| prestressing | |
| prestressing cable | |
| pretensioning cable | |
| principal axes of inertia | Mutually orthogonal directions for which the moments of inertia of a given section are maximum, resp. minimum |
| purlin | |
| R |
| radius of gyration | |
| rampant arch | Inclined masonry arch taking part of the thrust of a vault. |
| reduction of forces | |
| reinforced concrete | |
| reinforcement | Steel bars cast in concrete to restist tensile action effects. |
| reinforcing bar | Steel bar carrying tensile action effects in a reinforced concrete section. |
| relaxation | |
| resistance factor | |
| resultant | |
| retaining masonry | |
| rib | |
| rib | |
| rise | Vertical distance between the springing line and the key of an arch, or distance between the lower point and the springing line of a cable. |
| rocker | Part of a support device allowing a rotation between the structure and the support. |
| roll | |
| roof | |
| roof | |
| roof truss | |
| rupture | |
| S |
| sandstone | |
| SCIPER | |
| section | |
| seism | |
| self-weight | |
| semicircular arch | Arch structure with a circular shape with a rise equal to half of the span |
| service load | |
| serviceability limit state | |
| setlle | |
| settlement | |
| shape | |
| shell | |
| shoring | |
| shortening | |
| shrinkage | |
| side span | |
| side wall | |
| simple beam | |
| skylight | |
| slab | |
| slenderness | |
| sliding | |
| SLS | Serviceability limit state |
| spall | |
| span | |
| span | |
| spandrel | |
| spandrel | |
| spherical sector | |
| springer | |
| springing | Stone on which an arch rests. Contact zone between an arch or vault and its support. |
| springing line | |
| stability | |
| stabilizing cable | |
| statically determinate | |
| statically determinate state | |
| statically determinate structure | |
| statically indeterminate | |
| statically indeterminate structure | |
| stay cable | |
| stiffened | |
| stiffener | |
| stiffening beam | |
| stiffness | |
| stirrup | |
| strain | |
| strain hardening | |
| strength | Maximum value ot the inner force or the stress that a structural element or a material can resist to before rupture. |
| stress | |
| structual mechanics | |
| structural model | |
| strut | |
| stud | |
| subsystem | |
| suction | |
| support | Support of a structure. |
| surface | |
| T |
| table | |
| tensile stress | |
| tension | |
| tent | |
| Tequila | |
| theme | |
| thermal expansion | |
| thermal expansion coefficient | |
| thrust | |
| tie | |
| toolbar | |
| torsion | |
| torsional moment | |
| tower | |
| transverse deflection | |
| truss | Structures composed of bars arranged in a triangular mesh and resisting mainly axial compressive or tensile inner forces. |
| U |
| ULS | Ultimate limit state |
| uniform load | |
| unstable | |
| unstressed | |
| upper chord | |
| V |
| variable load | |
| vault | |
| vector | |
| viaduct | |
| W |
| wall | |
| web | Vertical part of a girder, between the top and bottom chords. |
| WiFi | |
| wind pressure | |
| work of a vector | |
| Y |
| yielding | |